Verb Phrases
Verb phrases atau frase verba adalah frase yang tersusun dari verba utama ditambah dengan auxiliaries, adverbs, adverb phrases (or clauses), prepositional phrases, atau object. Dalam kalimat, frase verba berfungsi sebagai predikat.
Contoh:
- He was smoking.
- After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
- We will meet at the library at 3:30 p.m.
- Henry made my coach very proud.
Dalam frase verba, verb selalu menjadi head, yang dapat disertai pre-modifiers dan/atau post-modifier.
Jika terdapat pre-modifiers, bisa berupa kata negative (not/never) atau adverb phrase.
- not say what he is doing.
- never needs money.
- He deliberately broke the window.
Kebanyakan head verba harus diikuti oleh post-modifiers.
- My son [made a cake].
- We [keep pigeons].
- I [recommend the fish].
Verba yang memerlukan post-modifiers biasa disebut transitive verbs. Post-modifiers pada contoh diatas disebut juga objek langsung (direct object) atau komplemen (complement of the head).
Sebaliknya, beberapa verba (intransitive verbs) digunakan tanpa objek langsung:
- Susan smiled.
- The professor yawned.
Tetapi, banyak juga verba dalam bahasa Inggris berlaku sebagai transitive dan intransitive, tergantung cara pemakaiannya dalam kalimat. Berikut adalah contoh penggunaan kedua bentuk verba tersebut:
- Mark smokes. (Intransitive)
- Mark smokes cigars. (Transitive)
Objek atau komplemen yang melengkapi frase verba tidak hanya objek langsung (direct object) tetapi juga dapat berupa objek tak langsung (indirect object).
- We [gave James a present].
Perhatikan juga contoh berikut yang menggunakan verba to be sebagai head:
- David [is a musician]
- Amy [is clever]
- Our car [is in the car park]
TENSES
| SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| I | THEY |
| YOU | WE |
| SHE | |
| HE | |
| IT | |
| | |
Note : I and you mempunyai makna Plural
PRESENT TENSE
1. 1.Simple Present Tense { Waktu Sekarang }
Rumus : S + to be + V1 + S/es
To Be : Am, Is, Are, Do, Does
Examples: (+) She Studies English tonight
(-) She doesn’t studie English tonight
(?) Does she studie English tonight ?
1. 2.Present Continous Tense { Sedang Berlangsung }
Rumus : S + to be + V1 + ing
To Be : Am, Is, Are
Examples: (+) He is coming to the party now
(-) He isn’t coming to the party now
(?) Is he coming to the party now ?
1. 3.Present Perfect Tense { Waktu Lampau tapi masih di bicarakan }
Rumus : S + has/have +VIII
Exsample : She has Lived in Jakarta Pusat
1. 4.Present Perfect Contious Tense { Kejadian pada masa lampau tapi berlangsung terus }
Rumus : S + has/have + Been + V1 + ing
Examples: (+) He has been singing in the room every day
(-) He hasn’t been singing in the room every day
(?) has he been singing in the room every day ?
PAST TENSE
1. Simple Past Tense { Waktu lampau }
Rumus : S + Was/Where + V2
To Be : Was, Were, Did
Examples: (+) They mailed the letter yesterday
(-) They didn’t mail the letter yesterday
(?) Did they mail the letter yesterday ?
2. Past continous Tense
Rumus : S + V1 + ing
To Be : Was, Were
Examples: (+) Peter was helping John
(-) Peter Wasn’t helping Jhon
(?) Was Peter helping Jhon ?
3. Past Perfect Tense
Rumus : S + had + V3
Examples: (+) She had been at school
(-) She hadn’t been at school
(?) had she been at school ?
4. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Rumus : S + had + been + V1 + ing
Examples: (+) we had been mailing the letter
(-) we hadn’t been mailing the letter
(?) Had we been mailing the letter ?
FUTURE TENSE
- Future Tense { Waktu Akan Datang }
Rumus : S + shall/will + V1
Examples: (+) we will be at the 200 next month
(-) we won’t be at the 200 next month
(?) will we be at the 200 next month ?
2. Future Continouse Tense
Rumus : S + shall/will + be + ing
3. Future Perfect Tense
Rumus : S + shall/will + being + V3
4. Future Perfect Continous Tense
Rumus : S + shall/will + V1 + ing
PAST FUTURE TENSE
1. Past Future Tense
Rumus : S + should/would +V1
Examples: (+) I should go to Surabaya next week
(-) I sholdn’t go to Surabaya next week
(?) should you go to Surabaya next week ?
2. Past Future Continus Tense
Rumus : S + should/would +be +V1 + ing
3. Past Future Perfect Tense
Rumus : S + should/would + have been + V3
4. Past Future Perfect Continous Tense
Rumus : S + should/would + have been + V1 + ing
